ABSTRACT
According to a few recent studies, calcium titanate is a material that is similar to hydroxyapatite in biological properties. However, calcium titanate is not currently being used in the biomedical application as to hydroxyapatite. The objective is to prepare nano calcium titanate powder from the solution of calcium oxide, ethanol, and titanium (IV) isopropoxide via sol-gel synthesis. The fiber size, pore size and morphology were studied by phenom scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of the uniformity in the pore size histogram confirm the presence of phase pure crystalline CaTiO3 after drying at 100oC for 24 hours, while the fiber analysis confirms the CaTiO3 to be a nano material. The phase analysis shows the morphology of the nano calcium titanate at different magnification. Finally, it can be concluded that sol-gel synthesis is a good method for production of nano CaTiO3 particles at lower temperature compared to any other methods of production.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction _________________________ 1
1.1 Aim ______________________________ 2
1.2 Objectives ______________________________ 2
1.3 Justification of the study ____________________ 3
1.4 Scope of the study ____________________ 3
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review ____________________ 4
2.1 Methods of synthesis ____________________ 5
2.1.1 Ceramic method ____________________ 5
2.1.2 Sol-gel method ____________________ 6
2.1.3 Freeze-drying method ____________________ 6
2.1.4 Melt method _________________________ 7
2.1.5 Pechini method _________________________ 8
2.1.6 Other methods _________________________ 8
2.2 Structure of calcium titanate _______________ 10
2.3 Structural characterization of perovskite _____ 12
2.3.1 X-ray diffraction __________________________ 14
2.3.2 Scanning electron microscopy ________________ 16
2.4 Applications __________________________ 17
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and method _____________________ 19
3.1 Preparation of titanium (IV) isopropoxide ______ 19
3.2 Powder synthesis __________________________ 19
3.3 Powder characterization _____________________ 20
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Result __________________________ 21
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation 30
5.1 Discussion __________________________ 30
5.2 Conclusion __________________________ 32
5.3 Recommendation _____________________ 32
Reference __________________________ 33
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 SEM Microgram of CaTiO3 __________ 21
Figure 2 SEM Microgram of CaTiO3 __________ 22
Figure 3 SEM Microgram of CaTiO3 __________ 23
Figure 4 SEM Microgram of CaTiO3 __________ 24
Figure 5 A screen shot of SEM fibre and pore analysis 25
Figure 6 Fibermetric image of SEM analysis _____ 26
Figure 7 Fibermetric image measurement of SEM analysis 27
Figure 8 Fiber histogram of SEM analysis _____ 28
Figure 9 Pore histogram of SEM analysis _____ 29
